Many among us do not know what is Eukarya domain. It is very easy to distinguish between living and non-living things. Thanks to our scientist! They have classified living organisms into two kingdoms: Animalia and Plantae. But later on, they introduced three more kingdoms into the family. This included Monera, Fungi, and Protista. In my today’s post, we will discuss everything about what is Eukaryota domain. The characteristics and kingdoms under the domain Eukarya are also explained. Below, I have even named three different examples of organisms in the domain Eukarya. You can continue to read to understand what is Eukarya domain in detail.
What Is Eukarya Domain?
Eukarya is a Greek word where “EU” means true and “Karya” means nut. Thus, the domain Eukarya means organisms having a true nucleus. It originated from the first prokaryotic organisms that existed over 1.7 billion years ago.
This domain is the most complex domain in terms of external and internal structures. In fact, it contains all organisms with eukaryotic cells. As humans, we are classified as Eukarya! The cells in our body have a nucleus and membrane-bound organelles.
There is an Endosymbiotic Theory stating that the mitochondria and chloroplasts were once single-celled organisms. They have been engulfed by proto-eukaryotic cells. It is also found that eukaryotic mitochondria and chloroplasts have a different set of genetic materials.
Now, the question is: is domain Eukarya unicellular or multicellular? The domain Eukarya is the only domain that contains multicellular and visible organisms. This includes people, animals, plants, and trees.
You can keep on reading to know how many kingdoms are in the domain of Eukarya.
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Kingdoms Under Eukarya Domain
Until now, you have understood what is domain Eukarya. Let us learn more about the kingdoms under the domain Eukarya.
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Fungi
The kingdom Fungi usually consists of heterotrophic organisms. In short, it means the organisms that cannot make their food. These organisms acquire all the essential nutrients by absorption. It consists of organisms such as yeast, mushroom, and mold. However, Fungi break down the organic materials of dead organisms. This helps them to continue the nutrient cycling in ecosystems.
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Animalia
The next kingdom is the kingdom Animalia. It is a Latin word that means have breath. This kingdom is comprised of heterotrophic organisms. Generally, these organisms obtain their nutrient requirements by ingesting organisms. Domain Eukarya’s kingdom Animalia consists of animals like fishes, amphibians, reptiles, birds, mammals, and insects. Most of these members are capable of movement and reproduction.
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Plantae
The kingdom Plantae is also known as the Kingdom Metaphyta. This kingdom consists of all multicellular, eukaryotic, and photosynthetic organisms. Being photosynthetic, these organisms can make their food using the energy from the sun. Some members can synthesize food and metabolize it from other sources also. Therefore, without the kingdom Plantae, heterotrophic organisms can never survive!
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Chromoalveolata
The kingdom Chromolveolata is the kingdom that consists of dinoflagellates, diatoms, and ciliates. It is found that the members of this kingdom originated from a bikont and a red alga. Bikont is a cell with two flagella. It was first proposed by Thomas Cavalier in 1981. At present, debates are still going on stating that this kingdom is not monophyletic.
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Rhizaria
This domain was also proposed by Thomas Cavalier-Smith in 2002. It is widely composed of unicellular Eukaryotes: foraminiferans and radiolarians. The members of this kingdom are amoeboids with pseudopods (false feet). There are a few pieces of evidence showing that rhizarias are a monophyletic group.
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Excavata
The last kingdom in Eukarya is the kingdom Excavata. This kingdom consists of a wide variety of organisms such as photosynthetic, heterotrophic, and parasitic. The name of this kingdom is a composition of two Latin words, “ex and cavatum”. It means cavity. The other members of this kingdom include euglenozoa, kinetoplastids, and parabasalids.
Characteristics Of The Eukarya Domain
In this section, I will tell you about the characteristics of the Eukarya domain.
- In this domain, there is the presence of membrane-bound structures called organelles.
- It can be unicellular, colonial, or multicellular.
- Its main job is to carry out physiological and metabolic processes that are important for survival.
- The DNA of Eukaryotic organisms is not stored in the nucleus like the other domains. It is surrounded by a nuclear envelope and a double membrane.
- The cell division in Eukaryotes involves two processes: mitosis and cytokinesis.
- The Eukaryotic cell can reproduce itself in two ways: asexual or sexual reproduction. During this, the cell divides through mitosis followed by cytokinesis.
- These organisms are resistant to traditional antibacterial antibiotics.
- They have an organized and complex cellular structure.
How Are The Four Kingdoms Within Eukarya Different?
Below, I have given the characteristics of four Eukarya kingdoms. This will help you differentiate from each other.
| Kingdom | Characteristics |
|---|---|
| Fungi | It is a single-celled or multicellular kingdom and is not capable of photosynthesis. |
| Plantae | It is a single-celled or multicellular kingdom and is capable of photosynthesis. |
| Animalia | It is a multicellular organism with a complex organ system. |
| Protista | It is a unicellular or simple multicellular organism containing chloroplasts. |
Now, do you know how are organisms in the domain Eukarya different from those in the domain Archaea? This is due to the Eukaryotic cells. It consists of a membrane-enclosed nucleus and other membrane-enclosed organelles.
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FAQ
What Is Domain Eukarya In Biology?
The Domain Eukarya originates from the first prokaryotic organisms that existsed over 1.7 billion years ago. This domain contains all organisms with eukaryotic cells. The organisms in this domain have four main characteristics: Eukaryotic Cells. May be Unicellular, Colonial, or Multicellular.
What Is Eukarya In Simple Terms?
Eukarya includes eukaryotic organisms. These are organisms with cells that contain a nucleus as well as membrane-bound organelles. The kingdoms most associated with Eukarya are the Plantae, Animalia, and Fungi kingdoms.
What Are The 4 Domains Of Eukarya?
Eukaryotes represent a domain of life, but within this domain there are multiple kingdoms. The most common classification creates four kingdoms in this domain: Protista, Fungi, Plantae, and Animalia.
Why Are Organisms Placed Into The Domain Of Eukarya?
All life can be classified into three domains: Bacteria, Archaea, and Eukarya. Organisms in the domain Eukarya keep their genetic material in a nucleus and include the plants, animals, fungi, and protists.
What Is The Function Of Eukaryotic Cell?
Conclusion. Organelles serve specific functions within eukaryotes, such as energy production, photosynthesis, and membrane construction. Most are membrane-bound structures that are the sites of specific types of biochemical reactions.
What Is Eukarya Domain Characteristics?
The third domain, Eukarya, consists of organisms whose cells have a nucleus. It’s also the only domain that contains multicellular and visible organisms, like people, animals, plants and trees. Bacteria and arachaea are unicellular and lack a nucleus.
What Are Two Defining Features Of Eukarya?
The cells of eukaryotic organisms have several distinguishing characteristics. Above all, eukaryotic cells are defined by the presence of a nucleus surrounded by a complex nuclear membrane. Also, eukaryotic cells are characterized by the presence of membrane-bound organelles in the cytoplasm.
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Conclusion
In my above post, I have explained what is Eukarya domain in Biology. The domain Eukarya includes organisms with cells containing a nucleus and membrane-bound organelles. This domain was introduced billion years ago! The 4 kingdoms of Eukarya examples include Kingdom Plantae, Fungi, Animalia, and Protista. These kingdoms’ cells can be unicellular, colonial, or multicellular. They are divided by mitosis with a variety of cycles of reproduction and recombination. However, these organisms are resistant to traditional antibacterial antibiotics. Without the kingdom Plantae, heterotrophic organisms cannot survive! By reading my above post on what is Eukarya domain, you have learned about these billion years old organisms.
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What is the simple definition of Eukarya
What is Eukarya domain?